Accounting machine



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' ATTORNEY Oct. 5, 1943. G. F. DALY ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed March 123,'1941 16 sheets-sheet 1o GEIVRIMR NP- ClUfC/l ct. 5, 1943. G. F. DALYACCOUNTING lMACHINE Filed March 18', 1941 16 sheets-sheet' n lll/NIREDSFul TTORNE Y Oct. 5, 1943. G. F. DALY 2,330,957

ACCOUNT ING MACHINE far-l W5 A a ATTORNEY l' Oct. 5, 1943. G. F. DALY2,330,957

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' ACCOUNTING MACHINE .Filed March 18, 1941 A16 Sheets-sheet 15,F..LW'FIGAzf R21 ci o IN VEN TOR ATTORNEY INVENTOR 16 Sheets-Sheet 16G. F. DALY' ACCOUNTING MACHINE J /S "NIINNNf-f Filed March 18, 1941 ffY.

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Patented Oct. 5, 1943 ACCOUNTING iiraornua George F. Daly, En'aicett, N.Y., assigner u 1nternational Business Machines Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation oi New York Application-Maren 1s, 1341, serial No.383,914 s claims. (o1. 2st-61.9)

This invention concerns accounting machines and moreparticularly'a'ccounting machines of the perforated record controlledtype.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a machine forhandling problems of accounting in which multiplyingoperations arerequired in an improved'man'ner.' VThemachine finds particular utilityin banking institutions for the calculation of so-called Ifdaily balancetotals upon which interest is to, blecalculated.

It is the practice in certain banks to prepare a perforated record cardfor each transaction that 'takes place between the bank and a customer.

Upon such record may be entered the customers account number, the dateof the transaction, the amount, and an indication as to whether theamount is to be credited or debited to the account. At the end of anaccounting period, which may be any selected period,.there will be agroup of cards containing one card for each transaction. In order toobtain the desired interest figure, which is the sum of the dailybalances for the entire period, the machine under control of the groupof cards calculates the daily balance for each day upon which atransaction occurs. Where there are intervals of inactivity, the machinedetermines the number of days between transactions and automaticallymultiplies this number by the earlier day's balance which gives aproduct whichis added to other daily balances to produce the sum of thedaily balances.

A specific object is to provide improved mechaaccumulator.

nism for determining the difference in number of days betweentransactions in a system as stated and automatically calling into action'partial product multiplying devices factors.

A further object residesl in the provision of means for causingselective operation of the machine whereby, when a daily balance iscalculatedV disclose, by way of example, the principle of the inventionand the best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying thatprinciple.

to obtain a product, l. of which the difference obtained is one of theIn the drawings: Fig. 1 is an isometric view of the entire machine.showing the relationship of the various units.

Fig. 2 is a side view looking from the left in Fig. 1 showing the. drivegearing of the card feeding and analyzing unit.

Fig. 2a is a detail section taken on lines 2a-2a of Fig. 2. i I Fig. 3is a central section of the printing mechanism.

Fig. 3a is a detail of the accumulator resetting mechanism.

Fig. 4 is a detail of the emitter and multiplying' cam shafts andcontrols therefor.

Fig. 5 is a plan section takenalong lines 5-45 of Fig, 3.

Fig'. 6 is an isometric of one order of an adding Fig. 6a is a detail offugitive one entering means in the subtracting accumulators.

Fig. 7 is an isometric of one order of a subtracting accumulator. l

`Fig. 7a is a'detail of certain parts shown in Fig. 7;

Fig. 'Ib is a detail accumulator 1B.

Fig. 8 is a group of cards showing their prearrangement before feedingthrough the machine.

Fig. 8a is a printed form prepared by the machine.

of 'special contact disks in Fig. 9 is a flow diagram showing thedisposi-` tion of data amounts in the several units. 1

Fig. 10 shows the timing of the F and L cams during card feed cycles.

Fig. 10a shows the timing ofthe L cams during chanical organization tothat shown in my Patent No. 2,126,621, issued August 9, 1938, withcertain modifications as will be pointed out hereinafter. Thestructureof the machine will first be brieilv explained before the operation isset forth in connection with the circuit diagram.

Card feeding mechanism The card feeding mechanism shown in Fig. 2 isexactly similar to that shown and described in Patent No. 1,976,617,issued to C. D. Lake et al. on October 9, 1934, except that provision ismade in the form of a clutching device for interrupting the card feedingoperations without stopping the accumulating drive mechanism. Theanalyzing brushes are indicated at UB and LB and the record cards R aresuccessively advanced by picker 9 to pairs of feed rollers IU, whichserve to advance the cards past the upper and lower brushes insuccession. 'I'he shafts upon which rollers I are mounted are providedwith gears at their extremities and arranged as shown in Fig. 2l foroperation by a main driving gear II which is freely mounted upon a shaft8 (Fig. 2a) and which has connection with an arm I5 through a sleeve 1.Arm I5 carries springpressed clutching dog I6 normally held in theposition shown by an armature latch I1 which is adapted to be controlledby the clutch magnet I8. Between gear I I and arm I5 are a gear I3 and aclutch driving disk I4 freely rotatable upon the sleeve 1. Gear I3 hasgear connection generally designated I2 with the pulley shaft 6 which isin operation as long as the main driving motor is operative.Energization of magnet I8 will trip dog I6 into engagement with disk I4and the card feeding mechanism will cause cards to be advanced past thebrushes UB and LB and feeding operations will continue as long as magnetI 8 remains energized. During transferring, multiplying and total takingcycles of operation, magnet I8 is deenergized and card feeding will, ofcourse, not take place during such cycles.

Printing mechanism The printing mechanism is shown in Figs. 3 and 5where the usual so-called listing shaft I9 carries a clutch drivingelement 29. Shaft i9 has direct driving connection with the constantlyrunning shaft 6 (Fig. 2), so that clutch driving element 28 may rotatecontinuously. The' listing cam 2| is freely carried on the shaft I9 andprovided with a spring-pressed clutching dog 22 adapted for engagementwith the driving element 20. Dog 22 is normally held out of engagementby arm 23 controlled by magnet 24. Energization of magnet 24 will permitcam 2| to rotate with the listing shaft I9, and follower arm 25 willcause oscillation of rocker shaft 26 to which are secured arms 21linkconnected to the reciprocating crosshead 28, so that for eachrevolution of cams 2I crosshead 28 will be moved upwardly and then downagain to its initial position. Slidingly mounted on the crosshead aretype bars 29 spring urged into movement with the crosshead as it rises.As type bar 29 moves upwardly, ratchet teeth 30 successively pass thenose of stopping pawl 33 as the type elements 3| successively passprinting position opposite platen 32. Energization of printing magnet 36as the type bar moves upwardly will draw Wire 35 toward the right torocklatch 34 out of en gagement with stopping pawl 33, whereby the noseof the latter will engage one of the teeth 38 and interrupt furtherupward movement of the type bar. The upward movement of the type bar issynchronized with the movement of the record card past the analyzingbrushes, and if the machine is set for listing a perforation sensed bythe brushes will energize the magnet 36 to interrupt the type bar withthe type element 3| corresponding to the value of the digit -beforelitis declutched by the finger 48.

gram.

represented by the analyzed perforation in printing position. -Beforethe crosshead 28 moves downwardly, the usual printing hammers aretripped to take an impression from the selected type elements. Cam 2Icontrols the movement of the crosshead 28 during both listing and totaltaking operations.

.accumulating mechanism The adding mechanism is entirely similar to thatshown and described in the patents referred to, and the descriptionthereof will accordingly be limited to a brief explanation of its mannerof operation. The drive shaft 31 (Fig. 6) is directly geared to pulleyshaft 6 of Fig. 2, so that it is in operation as long as the drivingmotor of the machine functions and the driving ratio is such that shaft31 makes one revolution for each card feeding cycle of the machine.Shaft 31 has slidably mounted thereon but keyed for rotation therewith aclutch element 38, one for each denominational order of the accumulator.The element 38 is provided with a groove in which fits the end of theshort arm of the lever 4I, which is pivoted as shown and provided with ablock 42 normally held as in Fig. 6 by armature latch 43 of addingmagnet, A leaf spring 45 bears against the extremity of the longer armof lever 4I and moves the same in counterclockwise direction uponrelease of block 42 by armature 43. This movement will bring clutchingmember 38 into engagement with cooperating teeth 39 integral with a gear40 loosely mounted on shaft 31. Gear 48, when thus coupled to shaft 31,will rotate a gear 46 which meshes therewith and will displace theaccumulator index Wheel 41. The rearward extremity of lever 4I isadapted to be engaged by a nger 48 toward the end of the cycle for thepurpose of disengaging clutch element 38 from teeth 39 and relatchingblock 42 on armature 43.

Briey summarizing the adding operation, the magnet 44 may be energizedat various points in the cycle of the machine, depending upon thelocation of a perforation in a column of the record card analyzed by thelower brushes LB. This energization may take place in response to aperforation in any of the index point positions from 9 to 1, inclusive.A perforation in the 9 index point position will trip the clutch element38 nine steps before nger 48 is operated to declutch it, and aperforation in the 1 index point position will trip the clutch element38 one step Each step of clutching engagement corresponds to a tenth ofa revolution of the accumulator index wheel 41, so that a 9,hole willmove it ninetenths of a revolution and a 1" hole will move it one-tenthof a revolution. The manner in which circuits through the lower brushescontrol the operation of magnet 44 will be set forth in connection withthe explanation of the circuit dia- Readout mechanism is such that, whenthe index wheel 41 is in its zero position, one of the brushes 50 is inContact with the zero segment and thel other brush 'is in contact withthe strip 52, thus forming an electrical connection between the two.

If the wheel I8 is displaced to indicate, say, 8, then one of thebrushes 50 will be in contact with the 8 segment 5| and the other brushwill be in contact with the arcuate strip 52. The positioning of thebrushes 5l) provides a convenient electrical readout mechanism forcontrolling total transferring and total printing operations, and theelectrical circuits involved in these functionswill be more fullyexplained in connection with the circuit diagram. In certain of theaccumulators the wheels 49 are provided with two sets of brushes 5U, oneset on each side of the wheel to provide a multiple readout setting ofthe amount standing in the accumulator. Such multipleyreadout devicesare well known.

Elusivev one During certain subtracting operations, it is necessary toadd the so-called fugitive or elusive one into' the units order of anaccumulator. For this purpose the accumulators IB and 1V are providedwith the device shown in Fig. 6a which is the same as fully shown andexplained in Patent No. 2,131,226, granted to`U. W. M. Kolm on September27, 1938. Briefly, when the highest order wheel of an accumulator passesfrom 9 to 0, the lower order wheel will have an additional unit addedtherein. The mechanism comprises a lever 53 having its'left hand armdisposed in the path of the Well known carry lever 54 in the highestorder. The opposite end of lever 53 has connection with an arm of apivoted member V55, which member engages an angle 56 secured to theunits order carry lever 54 so that, when the highest order lever 54 isrocked, due to passage of its wheel from 9 to 0, linkage 53, 55 willcause the lowest order lever 5f! to rock in the same direction.TrippingT of the latter lever 54 will result in a carry of 1 into theunits order wheel in the well known manner.

Accumulator resetting mechanism The shaft 58 (Fig. 6) upon which theindex wheels 41 of an accumulator are loosely mounted is slotted forcooperation with spring pressed pawls (not shown) pivoted upon andcarried by the individual index wheels, in such manner thatcounterclockwise rotation oflfshaft 58 will yengage and drive the indexwheels/4 7 forwardly to zero position during a single revolution ofshaft 58.

Referring to Fig. 3a, shaft 58 carries a gear 59 at its extremity whichis in engagement with gear 60 mounted upon reset shaft 6 I. Gear 6|), ofwhich there is one fo'r each accumulator, may be selectively coupled tothe resetting shaft 6| inthe well known manner more fully explained inPatent No. 1,976,617 above referred to. the extremity of shaft 6| is agear 62 (see also Fig. 5) which is adapted to be driven by anintermittent gear 63 which is secured to shaft 64. Also Xed to shaft 64is an arm 65 which carries spring pressed clutch dog 66 normally held inthe position shown in Fig. 3a by a latching arm Gl supported by armatureshaft S8 of magnet armature 69. Energization of magnet l0 will releasedog 6 6 for engagement with clutch driving element v|I. Element 1I isintegral with a gear l2 which'meshes with a gear 'I3 secured uponconstantly running shaft I9. With this arrangement, drive element is inconstant rotationfand, Whenever it is desired to effect re- Atl" Aof dog||8 with the driving element l cam |20 will thus be driven in acounterclockwise setting of the accumulatore, magnet l is energized toprovide a connection between the element 'II and the resetting shaft 6|.In the present machine, instead of a 1:1 ratio between gears l2 and 13,as in Patent No. 2,126,621, the ratio is such that gear '|3 makes tworevolutions for one revolution of gear |2. The period during which shaft66 rotates is called a total taking cycle or total and reset cyclecomprising two machine cycles. During the first of the two cycles,printing operations occur and during the second, resetting occurs.

The operation of the accumulator thus far is the same for all eightaccumulators.

Subtracting mechanism For the purposes of the present invention,accumulators IB and IV are provided with subtract-.- ing mechanism `'ofwell known construction, whereby entries may be made in the form ofnines complements. Such mechanismis fully shown and described in PatentNo. 1,976,617, and one order thereof may be briefly explained inconnection with Fig. 7. In the operation of the present subtractingaccumulator, the entry of the nine complement of a number to besubtracted is effected by initially tripping all the adding magnets 4tas though to add nine in each position and causing the perforation inthe record card to declutch the adding mechanism in accordance with thelocation of the perforation. This will result in the addition of thenine corn*l plement of the number.

Secured to shaft ||6 are a plurality vof clutch elements one for eachdenominational order position cf the accumulator, and cooperating witheach element is a clutching dog ||8 pivoted at I I9 to a cam |25 freelymounted on shaft H6. Also freely mounted on the shaftis a triplearmedmember l2 l, one of whose arms engages a pin |22 in the free end of dogIIB to hold the latter out of engagement with the driving element IIT.Each of the arms of member |2| is adapted to cooperate in turn with apawl |23 which is carried -by clutch element |24 pivoted at |25. Thepawl |23 is resiliently mounted on element IZ through spring and pinconnection |26. A magnet armature |27 is pivoted at |28 and has apin |29in a laterally extending arm thereof which is adapted, upon energizationof subtracting magnet |30, to rock element |24 in a clockwise directionto release member |2I, thereby permitting spring I3! to rock the elementin a counterclockwise direction through pin |22 and at the same timepermit the engagement The direction until the next arm of member |2| isengaged by pawl |23, which then y'causes disengagement of the clutch andinterruption of further movement of the cam. The cam |20 is providedVwith three notches |32 about its periphery, into which a roller |33rises, successively.

Upon the initial movement of cam |20, the higher concentricportion ofcam |20 will depress I roller |33 and with it, slider |34 upon which theThe lower extremity of slider |35 is provided with a notch into whichthe horizontal arm of a bell crank |31 is fitted. The bell crank ispivoted at narily would not be positively restored until the end of thecycle. 'I'his is effected through an arm .|39 pivoted at |40 and havingconnection with the slider |34 through a stud |4|. Arm |39 carries v ya.spring-pressed pivoted finger |42 whose downwardly extending portion isadapted to engagethe armature 43 and move it away from its magnet 44. Aspring |43 is provided to move arm |39 and incidentally slider |34upwardly after they have been depressed. Arm |39 is also provided withan offset finger |44 which engages a horizontally slidable rod |45 whoseopposite end is connected through a pin to a finger |46 pivoted. at |41.The free end of finger |46 lies in the path of pins 91 and finger |46Will be moved into cooperation with one of'the pins 91 at the time thatdeclutchng is effected, as just described. This will preventoverthrowing of the index Wheel 41 which might otherwise take place dueto the high speed at which this mechanism is operated.

In Fig. 7, the shaft ||6 has driving connection through usual gearing(not shown) with shaft 31 such that shaft I6 makes two revolutions forone revolution of shaft 31.

Circuit controlling devices Carried by a stud 14 (Figs. 4 and 5) coaxialwith shaft 64 is a pair of electrically connected brushes 15, one ofwhich contacts with conducting segments 16 while the other wipes over acommon arcuate conducting strip,4 11. The brushes 15 are carried by lagear 18 driven through an idler 19 from a gear 80 carriedl by constantlyrunning shaft I9, and the timing is such that a brush 15 successivelycontacts with each of the segments 18 as la corresponding type element3| of Fig. 3 approaches printing position opposite platen 32. Thesecontact devices, of which several are provided, are generally known asemitters and control the transferring, multiplying and total printingcircuits in a manner to be more fully explained hereinafter.

In Fig. 5 are shown a plurality of cam controlled contacts Whoseoperation is controlled by cams carried by shaft 64. These contacts areprefixed P to 'indicate that they function only during total taking andresetting operations. Similar cam controlled contact devices prefixedwith the letter L are carried by or may be driven from the shaft I9, andthese devices are`- in constant operation as long as the driving motorfunctions.

In Fig. 2 is shown a shaft 8| which is driven from the gears of the cardfeeding mechanismy shaft I8. The ratio is such that gea-n.80 makes sixrevolutions for one of gear 83. Secured to gear 83 is a clutch drivingratchet 84 in the plane of which lies a dog 85 secured to an arm 88 faston shaft 82. Energization of a magnet 81 will attract its armature latch88 to release dog 85 for engagement with ratchet 84, whereupon shaft 82will rotate with gear 83. On this shaft 82 are located a number of camsfor controlling contacts generally prefixed M to denote that theyfunction during multiplying operations.

In Fig. ,7b are shown the three index wheels 41 of accumulator IB.Secured to each wheel ls a metallic disk |06 insulated from the wheeland having a segment of insulation |01 which traverses a pair of brushes|08. These segments are so located that, when the accumulator reads 001,the upper wire shown is not electrically connected to the lower wire,and for any other setting of the accumulator wheels there is a circuitthrough one or more of thebrushes |08 connecting the upper and lowerWires.

Multicontact relai/s Constantly running shaft |9 through suitable 1:1gearing drives' a shaft 89 (Fig. 14) upon which is secured ascam 90cooperating with a bell crank follower. member 9| to slidably shift aserrated operating b'ar 92 for the multicontact relay devices. Therelays are of the mechanically positioned and restoredelectromagnetically controlled type.

Suitable side frame plates. in the frame of the machine are slotted toreceive a number of vertical plates 93 (Figs. 13 and 14). Carried oneach plate is a magnet which will be designated I X. 2X', and 3X, etc.,and these are used for multiplier selection purposes. These magnets Xwhen energized, serve to control the establishment of circuits at themulticontacts of therelay. 'I'he magnets are used as trip magnets onlyand the armatures of these magnets do not actually shift their relatedcontacts.

As previously explained, the cam 90 shifts its follower 9| andtransversely shifts the serrated operating bar 92. Each plate 93, inaddition to providing a mounting for the magnets X, also affords .acounting for contacts which will be generally designated 94 and 95.Contacts 95 at their upper ends have fastened thereto al strip ofinsulating material 96,y which strip in turn has secured to it anL-shaped member 98. The member 98 has an upper ptrtion which engages,into the downwardly extending serrated notches of the bar 92. Member 98also has downwardly depending from it and aiiixed thereto a bracket 99which in turn has pivotally mounted on it la latch member |00. Thislatch member has slight limited rocking movement between limiting stoppins and is normally urged clockwise lby the spring 0|. 'I'he lower endof the pivoted latch member |00 cooperates with the latch piece |02 xedto the pivotally mounted armature |03. |03 also has an upwardlyextending tail portion |04 arranged in cooperative relation with there-l storing abutment |05, carried upon and depending from the serratedoperating bar. With the parts in the position shown in Fig. 14, the cam90 has shifted the serrated operating bar 92 to a position in which thecontacts 94 and 95 are kept open and to the position in which the strainis v removed between the latch |00 and the latch point |02 of thearmature assemblage. The relay magnet X may now be energized and uponbeing

